(Caption: Deliberately captured Tokyo Ginkgo with the Ginkgo Camera GR IV. Image source: Ernest Chiang.)

“Sometimes you got to slow down to go fast.”

This phrase kept echoing in my mind throughout 2025. While every industry chases the efficiency gains promised by AI, and anxiety about the future and artificial intelligence pervades, I kept returning to this note in my journal: “True progress often comes from deliberate pauses and deep thinking.”

The hard part isn’t stopping or slowing down—it’s being deliberate.

Deliberate practice, deliberate thinking, deliberate connection, deliberate verification.

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(Illustration: At AWS re:Invent 2025 CEO Keynote in Las Vegas, listening to Sony CDO’s eight-minute speech on Technology to “Create” and “Deliver” KANDO. Image source: Sony.)

✳️ tl;dr

• Ever since listening to Sony CDO’s eight-minute speech on Technology to "Create" and "Deliver" KANDO at AWS re:Invent 2025 CEO Keynote in Las Vegas two weeks ago, I was not only impressed by AWS’s nuanced breakdown of AI, but deeply admired how this established company Sony integrates Amazon Bedrock into its own KANDO culture and execution.¹²
• Sony acquired controlling interest (80% stake) in Peanuts Holdings for $460 million, combined with its initial $185 million investment in 2018, totaling $645 million over seven years. The transaction is expected to generate revaluation gains on equity as operating income.³
• This is a case of balancing financial discipline with strategic vision. Sony chose staged investment rather than outright acquisition, validating the business model before increasing investment, reducing risk while building partnerships.³
• Peanuts generates $2.5 billion in annual retail sales, with holiday products contributing $500 million. Compared to Sony’s $185 million investment in 2018, the brand demonstrates strong cash flow generation capacity and stable licensing revenue.⁴

• Sony’s entertainment business revenue grew from 26% in fiscal 2012 to 60% in fiscal 2023, with content IP investment accounting for 57% of strategic investments (1.5 trillion yen). This shows the company’s successful transformation into a content-driven entertainment group.⁵
• Sony CEO Yoshida and CFO Totoki emphasize “Creation Shift” and “Creative Entertainment Vision.” Totoki stated: “I am obsessed with growth. When growth stagnates, you fall into a negative spiral.”⁶⁵
• Sony’s recent IP investments include 10% stake in Kadokawa (50 billion yen), 2.5% stake in Bandai Namco (68 billion yen), and acquisition of Crunchyroll. These investments build an anime and gaming IP ecosystem.⁷⁸
• Compared to studio acquisitions (Bungie, Firewalk underperformed), direct IP investment offers more controllable risk. IP can be monetized across multiple platforms without being constrained by single-studio operational risks.⁹
• Apple TV+ exclusive streaming agreement through 2030 ensures long-term revenue visibility. Platforms are willing to pay premium for classic IP because it attracts multi-generational audiences and builds cultural resonance, reducing churn.¹⁰
• Sony plans to spin off part of its financial services business in 2025 to focus on entertainment and content creation. This demonstrates management’s determination to simplify the business portfolio and improve capital allocation efficiency.⁵
• WildBrain received $460 million from the sale, to be used for debt repayment and investment in Strawberry Shortcake, Teletubbies, and digital content networks. For WildBrain, this represents portfolio optimization, focusing on core assets.³
• (Speculation) Sony may increase Peanuts brand value by 50-100% within 5-10 years through cross-media integration (gaming, music, film) and expansion into new markets (Asia, Latin America).
• The Schulz family retains a 20% stake to ensure brand heritage and quality control. This equity structure balances commercial interests with cultural legacy protection, crucial for long-term brand value.³

• Peanuts’ cultural significance in Japan (inspiring Hello Kitty’s creation) provides Sony with unique advantages. Sony may strengthen Asian market expansion, as two-thirds of revenue already comes from outside the U.S.¹¹⁴
• This case demonstrates how strategic IP acquisition builds lasting competitive advantage rather than chasing short-term trends. Peanuts’ 75-year history proves the enduring value and cross-generational appeal of classic IP.⁴

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(Illustration: Frozen soap bubble. Image source: Photo by Jill Warvel on Unsplash.)

✳️ tl;dr

• Howard Marks believes AI shows signs of “irrational exuberance,” but bubbles can usually only be identified in retrospect, and current valuations, while high, have not yet reached crazy levels ¹
• “One of the most interesting aspects of bubbles is their regularity, not in terms of timing, but rather the progression they follow. Something new and seemingly revolutionary appears and worms its way into people’s minds. It captures their imagination, and the excitement is overwhelming. The early participants enjoy huge gains. Those who merely look on feel incredible envy and regret and – motivated by the fear of continuing to miss out – pile in.”

• AI exhibits bubble characteristics: revolutionary technology, FOMO-driven speculation, extremely high valuations, but “this time is different” may hold true with a 20% probability. (Everyone wants to predict the future but also hedge their bets?)
• Circular deals raise concerns: Nvidia invests $100 billion in OpenAI, which uses that money to purchase Nvidia chips, with Goldman Sachs estimating 15% of Nvidia’s sales come from such transactions
• Data center investment scale is staggering: JPMorgan estimates total AI infrastructure buildout costs at approximately $5 trillion, with spending approaching $500 billion next year
• Debt financing risks escalate: Oracle, Meta, and Alphabet issue 30-year bonds to finance AI investments, with yields exceeding US Treasuries by only 100 basis points or less
• Warren Buffett reminds us: automobiles were the most important invention of the first half of the 20th century, but only 3 out of 2,000 car companies survived, proving that technological importance doesn’t guarantee investor profits
• AWS Hero Ernest recommends that technical decision-makers establish a multi-vendor strategy, avoid sole dependence on Nvidia, and evaluate alternatives such as AWS Trainium and Google TPU for cost control and supply chain resilience

• AI chips have an actual useful life of only 1-3 years, yet companies use 5-6 year depreciation schedules, with Michael Burry accusing tech giants of inflating earnings ²
• Nvidia shifted from a 2-year to an annual product cycle, with Jensen Huang joking: “Once Blackwell starts shipping, you couldn’t give Hoppers away”
• Anthropic derives 80% of revenue from enterprise customers, with B2B models showing more promise due to higher transaction values, suggesting product strategy should prioritize enterprise markets ³
• OpenAI expects to continue massive losses until 2028, with HSBC estimating it won’t be profitable by 2030, requiring an additional $207 billion in funding ⁴
• Google TPU emerges as Nvidia’s strongest competitor, with 7th generation Ironwood offering 2x power efficiency improvement and 1.4x Nvidia’s cost-effectiveness, targeting 10% market share by 2027 ⁵

• SPVs (Special Purpose Vehicles) are used for data center financing, hiding off-balance-sheet debt, raising concerns similar to the Enron model
• WEF predicts AI will displace 85 million jobs by 2030 but create 97 million new ones, though 77% of new jobs require master’s degrees, necessitating fundamental HR strategy adjustments ⁶
• 77,999 jobs have already been lost to AI in 2025, averaging 491 people unemployed daily, with Microsoft reporting 30% of code written by AI while 40% of layoffs target engineers ⁷
• Historical analogy: The AI bubble resembles the 1860s railroad boom and 1920s aviation bubble, both being “inflection bubbles” that accelerated technology adoption at investors’ expense ¹
• Current AI giants average a P/E ratio of about 34, lower than the dot-com bubble’s 59, but Shiller CAPE reaches 40.40, approaching dot-com bubble levels ⁸

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(Illustration: AWS re:Invent 2025 Special Closing Keynote with Dr. Werner Vogels. Image source: AWS.)

Dr. Werner Vogels, AWS VP and CTO, delivered his final re:Invent keynote after 14 consecutive years since 2012. (Sigh, I was in the audience, feeling sad as I listened.) Instead of announcing new services, Werner presented “The Renaissance Developer” framework with five qualities that define how developers should evolve in the AI era. Guest speaker Clare Liguori demonstrated spec-driven development with the Kiro IDE, and Werner shared stories from his travels across Africa and Latin America to illustrate how developers are solving real-world problems.

✳️ tl;dr

One theme “The Renaissance Developer” runs throughout, with five qualities:

• Be Curious: Experimentation and willingness to fail, the Yerkes-Dodson Law (stress-performance curve), social learning and touching the grass, global travel stories (AJE, Ocean Cleanup, Rwanda Health Intelligence, KOKO Networks), AWS Heroes (265 across 58 countries) (waving).
• Think in Systems: Donella Meadows’ systems thinking, Yellowstone wolves and trophic cascades, reinforcing and balancing feedback loops, “Leverage Points: Places to Intervene in the System” paper.
• Communicate: Spec-driven development reduces ambiguity, historical examples (Dijkstra’s structured programming, Apollo Guidance System), Clare Liguori and Kiro IDE (from vibe coding to spec-driven development, feature-driven specs, notification system shipped in half the time), rapid prototyping (Engelbart’s mouse analogy).
• Be an Owner: Verification debt (AI generates code faster than you can understand it), hallucination challenges, mechanisms vs good intentions (Jeff Bezos / Amazon Andon Cord), S3 durability reviews, code reviews are more important than ever in the AI era.
• Become a Polymath: I-shaped vs T-shaped developers, Jim Gray (Turing Award, transactions, Sloan Digital Sky Survey), deep domain expertise combined with broad knowledge.

✳️ Live Experience

(Caption: The keynote lineup at this year’s AWS re:Invent annual developer conference was significantly reshuffled from previous years. When I first saw the agenda, I noticed Monday Night Live had disappeared, replaced by a Special Closing Keynote as the grand finale of all five keynotes. My immediate thought was “Could it be…” — and it wasn’t until I arrived in Las Vegas that I confirmed “It’s really happening…” I made sure to clear my schedule to be there in person, to pay tribute to the CTO who essentially inspired me to start deconstructing and integrating the world. By the end of the talk, I was genuinely moved by this man on stage. I’ll never forget the energy when he looked at us and said “Now, Go Build!”)

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(Caption: Before this year’s keynote, I was fortunate to meet CTO Werner Vogels again at a private dinner. Looking forward to his next chapter.)

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(Illustration: AWS re:Invent 2025 Partner Keynote with Dr. Ruba Borno. Image source: AWS.)

Dr. Ruba Borno, VP of Global Specialists and Partners at AWS, delivered the Partner Advantage Keynote at re:Invent 2025 with a theme drawn from Arthur C. Clarke: "Magic is simply science we don't yet understand." Through live customer stories and product launches, she revealed the science behind extraordinary partner-driven outcomes. From Conde Nast flipping to 70% digital revenue and saving $10M, to Toyota realizing $1B in supply-chain AI value, to AWS Marketplace producing three billionaire partners (Datadog $2B, Snowflake $3B, Salesforce $3B), the keynote demonstrated how partners act as the catalyst that turns AWS technology into transformative customer results. The closing segment featuring Kiwa Digital’s indigenous AI platform challenged the audience to consider AI not just as a tool for disruption, but as a guardian of 40,000-year-old cultural heritage.

✳️ tl;dr

One theme “Partners as Catalyst” runs throughout, with six topic areas:

• Agentic AI + Partner Foundation: AI Competency (300+ partners globally), customers working with competency partners are 30% more likely to deploy AI into production and move 25% faster; three new Agentic AI Competency categories (Applications, Tools, Consulting Services) launched with 50% more marketing development funds.
• Customer Transformation Stories: Conde Nast flipped to 70% digital / 30% print with $10M cost reduction across 66 digital properties; A3Data + Mater Dei built 12 autonomous agents on AgentCore achieving 517% ROI, reducing procedure authorizations from 2 days to 40 minutes; Toyota Motor NA realized $1B business value with 60% inventory reduction and 85% customer preference prediction accuracy.
• Data as Intelligence Layer: World Surf League + AllCloud turned ocean unpredictability into a data asset, capturing 100 data points per second per surfer, using Amazon Bedrock for real-time AI-powered commentary.
• Migration and Modernization: AWS Transform saved 800K+ hours, analyzed 1B+ lines of mainframe code, and saved 380 developer years; Composability now GA, allowing partners to integrate their own tools and agents into Transform.
• Marketplace Innovation: Express Private Offers GA with AI-powered custom pricing; Agent Mode for conversational solution discovery; Multi-Product Solutions combining software and professional services from multiple vendors; Marketplace billionaires: Datadog $2B, Snowflake $3B, Salesforce $3B; startup sales growing 130% YoY; 80% transaction volume now self-service.
• Security and AgentCore: CrowdStrike Falcon next-gen SIEM automated discovery with pay-as-you-go pricing; IAM Temporary Delegation for safe partner access; AgentCore Runtime (isolated MicroVM per session), AgentCore Observability (OpenTelemetry compatible), and AgentCore Identity (seamless IAM across AWS and third-party apps).
• Meta-observation: For every $1 of AWS services deployed, partners realize $7.13 in revenue. With AWS targeting $300-400B, the partner ecosystem opportunity is $2-3 trillion.

✳️ Live Experience

(Caption: Every year, the AWS re:Invent annual developer conference draws a massive gathering of partners from across the AWS ecosystem worldwide. The value generated by 60,000 people congregating and celebrating right before the year-end holidays is no joke. We have been practicing every year to integrate, build, and deepen our presence in this ecosystem, aiming to bring enterprise operations strategies that combine knowledge foundations and process orchestration to the clients who trust us.)

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(Caption: Partners from all sectors host countless private events and meetings of all sizes at the AWS re:Invent annual developer conference. Some connections come through introductions from generous mentors and industry elders, while others are built through sustained outreach, resource exchange, and earned trust over time — making those rare biannual or annual face-to-face meetings all the more precious. A mentor once reminded me: you don’t always have to talk business. Being able to share your heart, your dreams, and your life is what builds the kind of circle that catches you when times get tough — that’s what true partnership looks like. Share the good times, shoulder the hard times, share information openly, and stay open-hearted. Words to live by.)

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(Illustration: AWS re:Invent 2025 Keynote with Peter DeSantis and Dave Brown. Image source: AWS.)

Peter DeSantis, SVP of Utility Computing at AWS, and Dave Brown took the stage at re:Invent 2025 to deliver a keynote that went deep into the infrastructure fundamentals powering the AI era. Rather than chasing the latest AI hype, they made a compelling case that the core cloud attributes we have relied on for two decades, security, availability, elasticity, agility, and cost, matter more than ever. The announcements ranged from Graviton5 with 192 cores in a single package and 5x more L3 cache, to Lambda Managed Instances that bridge the EC2-Lambda divide, to S3 Vectors hitting GA with sub-100ms queries over 2 billion vectors. On the AI acceleration front, Trainium3 UltraServer delivers 5x output tokens per megawatt, and PyTorch native support means porting GPU code to Trainium is literally a one-line change.

✳️ tl;dr

One theme “Infrastructure Fundamentals for the AI Era” runs throughout, with six sections:

• Core Cloud Attributes: Security, availability, elasticity, agility, and cost remain the foundation. These attributes guided every AWS decision for 20 years and are even more critical in the AI era.
• Nitro and Graviton Evolution: From custom silicon (Nitro) eliminating virtualization jitter to Graviton5 delivering 192 cores with 5x L3 cache. M9g instances offer up to 25% better performance than M8g. Guest: Payam Mirrashidi (Apple) on Swift + Graviton achieving 40% performance gains.
• Serverless Expansion: Lambda Managed Instances bridges the gap between EC2 performance and Lambda simplicity. Your Lambda functions run on EC2 instances you choose, while Lambda manages provisioning, patching, and scaling.
• Inference and Bedrock Architecture: Project Mantle inference engine powers Bedrock with service tiers (priority, standard, flexible), per-customer queue fairness, Journal for fault tolerance, and confidential computing.
• Vector Search and S3 Vectors: Nova Multimodal Embeddings unifies text, image, video, audio into shared vector space. S3 Vectors GA achieves sub-100ms queries on 2 billion vectors. 250K+ vector indexes created in 4 months. Guest: Jae Lee (TwelveLabs) on video intelligence.
• Trainium3 and AI Acceleration: Trainium3 UltraServer with 144 chips, 360 PetaFLOPS, 20TB HBM. 5x output tokens per megawatt. NKI GA and Neuron Explorer for performance profiling. PyTorch native support. Guest: Dean Leitersdorf (Decart) on real-time visual intelligence.

✳️ Live Experience

(Caption: This session used to be held on Monday evenings, originally known as Monday Night Live, and I’d often miss it due to dinner or meeting conflicts — only to catch up later. This year it clashed with other commitments again, so here are some stand-in photos of the Amazon EC2 UltraServer displayed on the CEO Keynote stage and the cute, mischievous Kiro who loves playing hide-and-seek — giving you a glimpse of the physical and protocol world that truly exists behind the cloud’s abstraction.)

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(Illustration: AWS re:Invent 2025 Keynote with Dr. Swami Sivasubramanian. Image source: AWS.)

Dr. Swami Sivasubramanian, AWS VP of Agentic AI, delivered the developer-focused keynote at re:Invent 2025, showcasing how AI agents are transforming the way we build software. From Blue Origin using agentic AI to design lunar infrastructure 75% faster, to Vercel powering 11 million customers with self-driving infrastructure, this keynote demonstrated that the age of autonomous AI agents is here. The announcement of Nova Act with 90% reliability for enterprise workflows marks a turning point for production-ready automation.

✳️ tl;dr

One theme “Agentic AI” runs throughout, with five sections:

• Understanding Agents: Agents sense environments, convert objectives into executable steps, and continuously learn; unlike chatbots that give advice, agents investigate and initiate solutions.
• Building Agents: Strands Agent SDK (5M+ downloads) and Amazon Bedrock AgentCore provide model-driven development with Identity, Policy, Evals, and Episodic Memory capabilities.
• Customizing Models: Reinforcement Fine-Tuning in Amazon Bedrock delivers 66% accuracy gains; Nova Forge enables custom frontier models by mixing proprietary data during mid-training.
• Ensuring Trust: Amazon Nova Act achieves 90% reliability through neuro-symbolic AI combining automated reasoning with LLMs; Cedar policy language provides deterministic controls.
• Reimagining Work: Kiro autonomous agent, AWS Security Agent, AWS DevOps Agent, plus Amazon Connect with 8 new agentic capabilities and Nova Sonic integration.

✳️ Live Experience

(Caption: A few nights before the Dr. Swami Keynote, on the second floor of The Venetian in Las Vegas, we luckily caught Dr. Swami in the wild. We introduced ourselves as AWS Heroes from Taiwan and got an enthusiastic handshake from this super approachable leader — absolutely thrilled.)

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(Illustration: AWS re:Invent 2025 Keynote with CEO Matt Garman. Image source: AWS.)

AWS CEO Matt Garman opened the 14th annual re:Invent to over 60,000 attendees and nearly 2 million online viewers, framing AWS as a $132 billion business accelerating at 20% year over year. Under the theme “Freedom to Invent,” Garman walked through five interconnected areas: AI infrastructure (Trainium3 GA, Trainium4 preview, P6e-GB300, AI Factories), models and intelligence (Nova 2 family with Lite/Pro/Sonic/Omni, Nova Forge open training models), agents at scale (AgentCore Policy and Evaluations), developer transformation (AWS Transform Custom, Kiro IDE, three frontier agents), and a rapid-fire round of 25 core service launches across compute, Lambda, storage, EMR, security, and databases.

✳️ tl;dr

One theme “Freedom to Invent” runs throughout, with five sections:

• AI Infrastructure: AWS leads GPU reliability, launches P6e-GB300 with Nvidia, announces Trainium3 GA (first 3nm AI chip in AWS Cloud), previews Trainium4 (6x FP4 compute), and introduces AWS AI Factories for dedicated on-premises AI infrastructure.
• Models & Intelligence: Amazon Bedrock surpasses 100K customers with 50+ trillion-token accounts (by comparison, when I compiled my 2025 Year in Review, feeding an entire year of Heptabase journal notes only came to 200k tokens); new open-weights models from Mistral, Google, MiniMax, Nvidia; Nova 2 family (Lite, Pro, Sonic, Omni) delivers frontier-level intelligence at optimized cost; Nova Forge introduces open training models for custom Novellas.
• Agents at Scale: Amazon Bedrock AgentCore adds Policy (Cedar-based deterministic controls) and Evaluations (continuous quality inspection with 13 pre-built evaluators); guest speakers from Sony, Adobe, and Writer showcase enterprise adoption.
• Developer Transformation: AWS Transform Custom supports any code modernization; Kiro becomes Amazon’s official AI IDE; three frontier agents launched: Kiro autonomous agent, AWS Security Agent, AWS DevOps Agent.
• 25 Core Service Launches: Rapid-fire announcements including new EC2 instance families (X, C8a, C8ine, M8azn, Mac), Lambda durable functions, S3 50TB max object size, S3 Vectors GA, EMR serverless storage, GuardDuty for ECS, Security Hub GA, RDS 256TB capacity, and database savings plans.

✳️ Live Experience

(Caption: On the day of the CEO Keynote, I woke up early in Las Vegas, lined up to get in, and for the first time challenged myself to take notes live on site using only a reMarkable Paper Pro for handwritten notes — quickly jotting down keywords, rapidly categorizing and capturing the structure, while simultaneously mapping out how I could help brief teammates if they were pulled into other tasks on short notice. Grateful for my experience leading camps as a kid and the brain-intensive training from a disciplined morning routine.)

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(Caption: After the CEO Keynote ended, we had only an hour and a half to regroup, move locations, grab food, and brief each other before heading straight into the re:Invent Podcast recording studio. Every year we challenge ourselves with different tasks that push the bar even higher.)

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(Caption: Ricoh GR IV, the latest chapter of the street photography god machine.)

Oh oh oh! The “Ginkgo Viewing Set” that I’ve been waiting for two and a half months has finally leisurely left the warehouse! These two and a half months were too long, so long that I felt I needed Ginkgo to supplement my brain power.

• Ricoh released GR IV on 2025-08-20,
• I rushed to B&H to pre-order one (and related accessories) as soon as possible on 2025-08-21,
• Waiting and hoping, waiting and waiting, I received two Backorder Status updates in between.
• In mid-October, I couldn’t help but ask customer service if there was an estimated delivery date, because I really wanted to take the GR IV on my upcoming business trips and street sweeping.
• Luckily, I received the Order Shipped notification on 2025-10-31,
• But encountering Double 11 and African Swine Fever, the entire customs was jammed,
• It wasn’t until 2025-11-09 that I received the import duty and tax notification. Fortunately, I received the box immediately after payment, and I can happily unbox it.

My last Ricoh was the R3 from 2005 (it even lacked a G!), and in a blink of an eye, it’s been twenty years. This time, I even bought the camera from B&H. Is it true love or destiny? Am I really destined with these two letters? Although the Ginkgo camera (plus batteries, flash, and other accessories) was stuck in customs for quite a few days, and for the first time I didn’t receive any EZ WAY notification (maybe because I manually filled out the paper appointment letter first?), I finally got it before Thanksgiving, giving me time to learn how to set it up (play with it?!) before my business trip.

Today, GR IV has finally arrived. Used some other bricks to exchange for these bricks in front of me. Tomorrow I’ll tell the kids this is also a type of Minecraft?

Okay, okay, no more chatting, let’s hurry up and unbox this year’s “Unbearable Lightness of Being Focused”. (At least compared to last year’s “Unbearable Lightness of Being Focused”, it is really light!)

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(Illustration: Screenshot of AWS Health Dashboard at 2025-10-20 12:51 PDT. Image source: Ernest.)

✳️ tl;dr

• The following content is from an official AWS report ¹, segmented and highlighted by AWS Community Hero Ernest ² from the perspective of a developer and technical manager, aiming to stay close to the facts and conduct reasoning and extended learning based on these facts.
• Through studying this report, we hope that both parties (AWS and us as AWS customers) can accumulate experience and continue to improve together, whether in the cloud or on-premises.
• Unless otherwise specified, all times below are in Pacific Daylight Time (PDT) from AWS Seattle headquarters on the West Coast.
• This note will begin with a knowledge graph, followed by a breakdown of the original official report content, divided into four sections: Amazon DynamoDB, Amazon EC2, Network Load Balancer (NLB), Other AWS Services
• If you have the budget to adjust your architecture for cross-region high availability but don’t have enough time for major architectural changes, it is recommended to take a look at AWS services with “global” in their name. For example, “Amazon DynamoDB Global Tables” from the same DynamoDB family was almost unaffected during this incident.

• We wanted to provide you with some additional information about the service disruption that occurred
  • in the N. Virginia (us-east-1) Region ³
  • on October 19 and 20, 2025.
  • While the event started at 11:48 PM PDT on October 19 (Taipei Timezone UTC+8, 2025-10-20 14:48)
  • and ended at 2:20 PM PDT on October 20 (Taipei Timezone UTC+8, 2025-10-21 05:20),
  • there were three distinct periods of impact to customer applications.
    • First, between 11:48 PM on October 19 and 2:40 AM on October 20, Amazon DynamoDB experienced increased API error rates in the N. Virginia (us-east-1) Region.
    • Second, between 5:30 AM and 2:09 PM on October 20, Network Load Balancer (NLB) experienced increased connection errors for some load balancers in the N. Virginia (us-east-1) Region.
      • This was caused by health check failures in the NLB fleet, which resulted in increased connection errors on some NLBs.
    • Third, between 2:25 AM and 10:36 AM on October 20, new EC2 instance launches failed and, while instance launches began to succeed from 10:37 AM, some newly launched instances experienced connectivity issues which were resolved by 1:50 PM.

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